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引用第48楼成明东于2008-11-08 00:05发表的 : U=PTn(2
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这是因为他们对“人”的定义和我们不一样。
?NR&3 q GglGFXOL- 9_fbl:qk;\ LkXho>y 人的定义在不同层面和不同领域 比如哲学 社会学 法学生物学 都是不同的
t~ |J2*9l 独立宣言是一份法律文件 其中所提及的人 在定义上应该是基于人的词义定义以及人的法学定义（自然人的概念）
bE?X?[K "3/&<0k 新华词典中人的解释
f$ 7 C 5 |#y H,f 由类人猿进化来的，能制造和使用工具进行劳动，能用语言进行交际的高等动物
P1ak>T *#2 <iB5& 美国出版的百科全书对人的解释如下
quRTA"!E yxAy1P;dX Human beings, humans or man (Origin: 1590–1600; < L homō man; OL hemō the earthly one (see humus),[3] also Homo sapiens — Latin: "wise human" or "knowing human"),[4] are bipedal primates in the family Hominidae.[5][6] DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Humans have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection, problem solving and emotion. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the forelimbs (arms) for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species. Humans are distributed worldwide, large populations inhabiting every continent on Earth except Antarctica. The human population on Earth is greater than 6.7 billion, as of July, 2008.[7] There is only one extant subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens. As of 2008, humans are listed as a species of least concern for extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[2]
MUSsanCA @Gt.J*!s/ Like most higher primates, humans are social by nature. Humans are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression, exchanging of ideas, and organization. Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families to nations. Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws, which together form the basis of human society. Humans have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics, which, combined with the desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, writing, literature and music.
f+1@mGt J";4+wA7 Humans are notable for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through philosophy, art, science, mythology and religion. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills; humans are the only species known to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves; they also manipulate and develop numerous other technologies. Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education.
i h-J{1 J4u>77I }$i/4?dYsQ 从语言学 的词义定义上看 差异不大
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< 我国法律书籍中自然人的定义
in6*3C4 9g]%}+D 自然人是与法人相对的法律概念。每个生物学意义上的个人都是自然人。只有自然人才有资格享有基本人权。某些权利，诸如选举权和被选举权，也只有自然人才有资格享有。
9BAvE\o0 HoK+g_9~ 美国联邦法院网站中找到的对自然人的定义
6V*,nocL_+ In jurisprudence, a natural person is a human being perceptible through the senses and subject to physical laws, as opposed to an artificial, legal or juristic person, i.e., an organization that the law treats for some purposes as if it were a person distinct from its members or owner.
i` Q&5K L N(V_P[]"*, For example, such legal provisions as Amendment XIX to the United States Constitution, which guarantees a woman's right to vote, or Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which guarantees equality rights, apply to natural persons only. In many cases fundamental human rights are implicitly granted only to natural persons; for example a corporation cannot hold public office, but it can file a lawsuit.
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&Vt]9 ~LQzt@G4 也没有发现很大差异
A9;,y'm^8 1) 5$,+~lL >wb Uxl%{5 当然在哲学 社会学人类学以及生物学方面 人的定一上可能还会有差异 但 那些都不属于法律文件的考虑范围
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N'i)s{' 当然在历史上独立宣言中对人权利的阐述并没有从一开始就全面而履行
ERia5HnoD, 比如 当时黑奴和妇女的权利就受到了限制甚至被剥夺 但是人类社会是一个不断发展的社会 任何事物都有一个自身发展完善的过程 法律也是如此 女性和黑人的权利问题已经成为了历史
[ 此帖被马尼洛神父在2008-11-08 12:38重新编辑 ]
